MAPK regulation of IL-4/IL-13 receptors contributes to the synergistic increase in CCL11/eotaxin-1 in response to TGF-β1 and IL-13 in human airway fibroblasts.

MAPK Regulation of IL-4/IL-13 Receptors Contributes to the Synergistic Increase in CCL11/Eotaxin-1 in Response to TGF-b1 and IL-13 in Human Airway Fibroblasts

Up-regulation of cysteinyl leukotriene 1 receptor by IL-13 enables human lung fibroblasts to respond to leukotriene C4 and produce eotaxin.

Cysteinyl leukotrienes (CysLTs) play an important role in eosinophilic airway inflammation. In addition to their direct chemotactic effects on eosinophils, indirect effects have been reported. Eotaxin is a potent eosinophil-specific chemotactic factor produced mainly by fibroblasts. We investigated whether CysLTs augment eosinophilic inflammation via eotaxin production by fibroblasts. Leukotrie...

TGF-beta and IL-13 synergistically increase eotaxin-1 production in human airway fibroblasts.

Chronic diseases may involve an "innate" response followed by an adaptive immune response, of a Th1 or Th2 variety. Little is known regarding the interactions of these responses. We hypothesized that TGF-beta1 (innate response factor associated with wound repair) in combination with IL-13 (Th2 factor) might augment inflammatory processes associated with asthma. Airway fibroblasts were cultured ...

Synergistic Induction of Eotaxin Expression in Human Keratocytes by TNF-α and IL-4 or IL-13

RESULTS. Keratocytes incubated in the absence of cytokines did not release detectable amounts of eotaxin into the culture medium. Whereas incubation of keratocytes with TNF-a, IL-4, or IL-13 alone or with the combination of IL-4 and IL-13 had only a small effect on eotaxin release, exposure of the cells to TNF-a in combination with either IL-4 or IL-13 resulted in a marked increase in eotaxin p...

Synergistic induction of eotaxin expression in human keratocytes by TNF-alpha and IL-4 or IL-13.

PURPOSE To investigate the effects of tumor necrosis factor (TNF)-alpha, interleukin (IL)4, and IL-13 on expression of the chemokine eotaxin by cultured human keratocytes. METHODS Cultured human keratocytes were incubated with various combinations and concentrations of TNF-alpha, IL-4, and IL-13. The concentration of eotaxin in the culture supernatant was subsequently measured by enzyme-linke...